the example of proposal thesis "CAR"

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background of the Study 

Nowadays, English language is very important to our lives. This language is used world-widely in sciences, knowledge and technology as well as education, business, transaction and other activities in the world. In the past, the Indonesia students start learning English at Junior high school (SLTP) as a compulsory subject. The process continues to Senior high school (SLTA). In fact English is also taught in some elementary schools as the local content lesson and even in some kindergartens, the pupils are introduction to some English.

The goal of learning English is to develop people’s skill of communicate. They involve four skill (KBK bahasa inggris, 2004:7 ). The following are the curriculum objectives for the first year of vocatioanal school :

a) listening 

      This skill is not taught spritely but implied in reading and speaking

b)   speaking

This skill is basically an ability simply oral English to communicate.

c) Reading

The teacher trains the students to read and comprehend various types of reading material. While reading, they will also learn new vocabulary items and structure.

d)  Writing

The teacher trains the students to write sentences, paragraphs, and simple short stories.

      In this study the researcher will focus on teaching listening in senior high school because it is very important for students. Listening is important to support learning English especially in enriching vocabulary and gaining a large portion of their education. Therefore consider that listening suitable for students senior high school, because before the researcher conduct a research the English teacher said that there are many students in the first grade of SMA 1 N pemangkat was still low in listening. So, the researcher trains to give them by using audio visual media to improve students’ listening skill.

1.2  Statement of the Problem

In order to get the object of the study systematical, the researcher present the problem that is: “How can the audio visual media improve listening ability for the first grade students of SMA N Pemangkat? ”

1.3  Objective of the Study

      In order to clarify the study, the objective is:

1.      To improve the listening skill of the first grade students of SMAN 1 Pemangkat by using audio visual media.

1.4  Significance of the Study

The result of this study contributes some benefit to English teacher, students and other researcher. Here are the benefits:

1.      For English Teacher

 The research findings are expected to be use as a consideration in teaching listening skill     in the classroom.

2.      For students

It may motivate students to improve their interest in learning English since they will find out that listening, especially audio visual, not always difficult to learn. Their improvement of interest in learning English will help them master English well.

3.       For Other researcher

The result of this research can be used as a consideration for those inputs who wants to conduct other researcher that particularly concerned with teaching English by Using Audio Visual.

1.5 Scope and Limitation of Study

To conduct a more specific study, the research was limited to a certain subject and aspect as follows:

1.The subject was the first year students of SMA 1 Pemangkat in academic year 2012-2013

2. It is focused on the audio visual media used in improving listening skill.

1.6 Definition of the Key Term

        The following are the some definition of important term that are used in this study:

a)   Audio visual is social institutions and mass communication vehicles that carry out journalistic activities include processing and delivery of information in the form of text, sound, images, sound and images as well as date and graphs as well as in other forms by using print media, electronic media, and all type of channels are available. (Adji:2000).

b)    Listening comprehensions is the ability to comprehension and identify the information that is directly or implicitly stated in the aural text. (Saricoban: 2006).

c)   SMAN 1 Pemangkat at Jl.Pembangunan No. 23, Sambas regency, west borneo.

CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1 Research Design

      The method used in this study is a qualitative method with Class Action Research techniques (CAR). In a classroom action research, the research can examine their own against the practice of learning that the researcher was doing in the classroom, trough the action planned, implemented and evaluated. This is consistent with the characteristics of classroom action research is the existence of action specific to improve teaching and learning in the classroom. According Suyanto ( in Basrowi, 2008:6 ) suggest that a class action research is a form of reflective that research by performing certain actions  in order to improve and or enhance the learning practices in a more professional.

      Meanwhile, according to Hopkins ( in Basrowi, 2008: 26 ), classroom action research is one of genius studies of practical action research because it involves activities that are practiced daily teacher. In short in can be concluded that the class action research is practical research conducted in the class room  and aims to improve the existing teaching practices.

      Stephen Corey ( in yunus, 2009:105 ) defines research as a set of action that aim to improve and evaluate the decisions and action taken in the implementation of such measure. Classroom action research was also described as a dynamic process in which all four aspects, namely planning, action, observation, and reflection must be understand not as are solved steps by itself, but rather are moment in the form of a spiral that involves planning, action, observation and reflection. Kemiss and Mc Taggart ( Basrowi, 2008: 26 ) the purpose conducting research process consist of :

1.      To increase and improvement of teaching that should be done by the researcher.

2.      To improve and increase teacher professional services in dealing with the learning process.

3.      The realization of the process of training in the office during the study period.

3.2     Setting and Subject of the Research

            This research will conduct in SMA N 1 Pemangkat. The school is located at Jl. Pembangunan, Kecamatan Pemangkat, Sambas. The research is conducted through teaching and learning process in the classroom.

           The subject of the research is the first grade students of administration of SMA N 1 Pemangkat. These classes consist of 31 students, all students are girl. The researcher chose this class because from the fact and the result of pre-observation, it was shown that students’ interest and a chievement of listening was still low.

3.3     Research Instrument

               According to Arikunto ( 2006:149 ), instrument is the tool which is used by the researcher in using strategy. Instrument can measure characteristic such as intelligence, personality, motivation, attitudes, interest and soon. In the research, the researcher used the test as the instrument. A test is a set of stimuli presented to an individual in order to elicit response on the basis of which a numerical score can be assigned. In this research used and achievement test. The students will come forward in a group to practice the dialogue they have listened in the audio visual before.

3.3.1  Observing

     The observation will do during teaching and learning process by using observation form. It observes students activities in the classroom while they are following the teaching and learning process. This technique is meant to find out the effectiveness of new technique is being applied, researcher also take notes. The notes are elaborated as comments to the student activity. In order to collect accurate data and get reliable result, the researcher prepared the instrument for the data collection.

3.3.2  Test

      The aim of English language teaching in Indonesia is to equip the student with working knowledge of English ( Nurgiantore, 2009:290 ). In accordance with the statement above, the purpose of testing in this study is to measure the progress of students listening ability and also to establish how successful individual students or group of students have been in achieving the objective. The students performance covers some components of ability such as listening, pronunciation, grammar, fluency and content.

3.3.3  Field Notes

      This instrument contained the record of the fact related to the implementation of audio visual media during the teaching and learning activities that was made by the researcher as the practitioner teacher. The instrument was utilized as a means of recording facts, which cannot be put in the observation form. Besides, the information obtained from the instrument will used for both checking the accomplishment of the selected criteria and identifying certain aspect or elements audio visual media in listening that need to be revised in the next plan.

3.4  Research Procedure

            Classroom action research procedure used in the research is a spiral model of Kemmis & Mc Taggart ( Basrowi, 2008:68 ) consist of cycles, in each cycle consists of several actions. Class action research implemented through the process cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation of the action, observation and reflection. The spiral model is a model of sustainable recurring cycles, with the hope of every action showed an increase in appropriate changes and improvements to be achieved.

3.4.1  Preliminary Study

        The preparation for this preliminary study will conducted on February 21, 2013 at SMA N 1 Pemangkat. It will do in order to get more authentic data concerning in teaching of English in general and the teaching of listening English especially. The researcher will ask the English teacher to know more about the condition of school and the condition of students in listening English.

3.4.1 Preparing the Criteria of Success

           The criteria set up in order to judge whether the implementation of the action is being affective or not. Thus the criteria were used to see whether the implementation of the English listening Skill success or failed. In order to decide whether or not another cycle of the action is needed, there are criteria used in this research to measure the success of the action:

a)   The students are actively involved during teaching and learning process

b)   The students are able to retell the story from media. The ability to speak here refers to what is stated curriculum based competence 2004. The students’ achievements will measure through the evaluation and how the students are involved in teaching and learning process. THE success of students’ study can be known by analyzing the result of students’ study by using the minimum standard of success of the study or Standar Ketuntasan Belajar Minimum (SKBM). It is aimed to know how far the student achieved or the students are said successful if they get score 70 and for classical competence is 80% students in the class get   score 70. Arikunto (2006:149)

3.6.1 The Technique of Date Analyzing

      Data analyze is the way used to process data and the result of research in getting a conclusion. The implementation of reference criteria used to analyze research data (Tarman, 2008).Data analyze is done when every cycle of research is finished. As mention before that research data are collected, consist of observation checklist, field notes and results of students’ speaking test in every cycle. To know the product of students’ achievement in listening test, the researcher uses formulation:
The level of success = score that achieved                       x 100%

                                                      Maximum score

                        The score of formulation above can be interpreted as follows:

Criteria	Score	Category
5	87-100	Excellent
4	70-86	Good
3	55-69	Enough
2	30-54	Low
1	-25	Very low

To know percentage of subject that is achieved that success of study, it can be used the pattern:

KB = Ni X 100%

N

Explanation:
KB         : Classical Competence

Ni           : amount of student who gain score > 70

N                        : amount of student

To know the average score, it can be used the pattern as follows :

Average score    = Student score X 100%

                           Student in class